Calculate exactly how much wax you need for your containers. No more waste, no more guessing.
In fluid ounces (oz)
🕯️ Your Wax Requirements
Wax Needed
0
ounces
In Pounds
0
lbs
Fragrance Oil
0
oz
Per Candle
0
oz wax
Fragrance Load Calculator
Calculate the perfect amount of fragrance oil for a strong, safe scent throw.
In ounces
🕯️ Fragrance Amount
Fragrance Oil
0
oz
In Grams
0
g
In Teaspoons
0
tsp
In mL
0
ml
💡
Cold Throw
The scent when the candle is unlit. Should be noticeable from a few inches away.
🔥
Hot Throw
The scent when burning. Full strength develops after proper cure time.
⚠️
Safety
Never exceed your wax manufacturer's maximum fragrance load. Usually 10-12%.
Complete Wick Guide
Every wick type explained, with sizing recommendations for your containers.
In inches
Diameter
CD Wick
ECO Wick
Wood Wick
Notes
1" - 1.5"
CD 3-5
ECO 1-2
0.375"
Tealights, votives
1.5" - 2"
CD 5-8
ECO 2-4
0.5"
Small jars, tins
2" - 2.5"
CD 8-12
ECO 4-6
0.5"
Standard jars
2.5" - 3"
CD 12-16
ECO 8-10
0.625"
Medium jars
3" - 3.5"
CD 16-20
ECO 10-14
0.75"
Large jars, 3-wick option
3.5" - 4"
CD 20-24
ECO 14+
0.75" - 1"
XL jars, consider multi-wick
4"+
Use multiple wicks
2-3 wicks for even burn
🔥 Wick Types Encyclopedia
📍 CD (Stabilo) Wicks
MaterialCotton with paper core
Self-TrimmingYes (curls when burning)
Best WaxesParaffin, Para-Soy blends
Burn TypeHot, aggressive burn
SizesCD 1-24
🌿 ECO Wicks
MaterialCotton with paper threads
Self-TrimmingYes (curls when burning)
Best WaxesSoy, Coconut, natural waxes
Burn TypeModerate, steady burn
SizesECO 1-16
🪵 Wood Wicks
MaterialNatural wood (single/double)
Self-TrimmingNo (requires trimming)
Best WaxesSoy, Coconut, Coco-Apricot
Burn TypeCrackling flame, wide burn
Sizes0.375" - 1" width
🪵 Booster Wood Wicks
MaterialWood with cotton booster
Self-TrimmingNo
Best WaxesParaffin, harder waxes
Burn TypeStronger burn than standard wood
SizesVarious widths
🧵 HTP Wicks
MaterialCotton with paper core
Self-TrimmingYes (strong curl)
Best WaxesSoy, Vegetable waxes
Burn TypeRigid, consistent burn
SizesHTP 31-136
🔷 LX Wicks
MaterialBraided cotton, flat braid
Self-TrimmingYes
Best WaxesParaffin, Pillar waxes
Burn TypeStable flame, minimal soot
SizesLX 8-26
🐝 Square Braid (Beeswax)
MaterialSquare braided cotton
Self-TrimmingNo (curls slightly)
Best WaxesBeeswax, harder natural waxes
Burn TypeHot burn for high melt point
Sizes#1 - #10
🔶 CSN (Canceled) Wicks
MaterialCotton, coreless
Self-TrimmingYes
Best WaxesNatural waxes, container
Burn TypeClean, minimal mushrooming
SizesCSN 1-20
🔴 Zinc Core Wicks
MaterialCotton with zinc wire core
Self-TrimmingNo (stays straight)
Best WaxesVotives, gel wax, pillars
Burn TypeRigid, consistent height
Sizes44-20-18Z to 60-44-18Z
⬜ Flat Braid Wicks
Material3-strand flat braided cotton
Self-TrimmingYes (curls into flame)
Best WaxesTaper candles, pillars
Burn TypeTraditional, consistent
Sizes#1/0 - #6
🌀 Premier Wicks
MaterialCotton, engineered braid
Self-TrimmingYes
Best WaxesSoy, para-soy, coconut
Burn TypeReduced mushrooming
Sizes700-795
🕯️ RRD Wicks
MaterialRound cotton, directional
Self-TrimmingYes (consistent curl)
Best WaxesPillars, votives
Burn TypeEven burn, good throw
SizesRRD 29-47
🧶 Hemp Wicks
MaterialNatural hemp fiber
Self-TrimmingNo
Best WaxesBeeswax, natural candles
Burn TypeSlow, natural burn
SizesVarious thicknesses
💧 GW (Gel Wax) Wicks
MaterialZinc core, pre-tabbed
Self-TrimmingNo
Best WaxesGel wax only
Burn TypeDesigned for gel viscosity
SizesSmall, Medium, Large
🧪
Always Test!
These are starting points. Test each candle with a full burn to ensure proper melt pool (edge-to-edge within 2-3 hours) without tunneling or excessive sooting. When in doubt, size DOWN first — it's easier to go up than to waste candles.
🔥 Wick Troubleshooting
Tunneling (wax around edges)? Wick too small — size up Smoking or soot? Wick too large — size down Mushrooming (carbon ball)? Normal for cotton wicks, but try a different series if excessive Flame drowning? Wick too small OR fragrance load too high Flame too tall (>1.5")? Wick too large — size down Flickering excessively? Draft OR wick needs trimming
Cost & Pricing Calculator
Know your true costs and set profitable prices with confidence.
💰 Pricing Breakdown
Total Cost
$0
per candle
Retail Price
$0
recommended
Profit
$0
per candle
Batch Total
$0
materials cost
Recipe Builder
Create, save, and perfect your signature candle recipes.
Ingredients
Recipe Scaler
Scale your recipes up or down while maintaining perfect ratios.
Number of candles
Target number of candles
Ounces
📊 Scaled Recipe
Total Wax
0
oz
In Pounds
0
lbs
Fragrance Oil
0
oz
Scale Factor
0
×
Container Volume Calculator
Calculate the volume of any container from its dimensions.
In inches
In inches
In inches (fill height, not container height)
📐 Container Volume
Volume
0
fl oz
In mL
0
ml
Wax Needed
0
oz (soy)
Cubic Inches
0
in³
Pour Temperature Guide
Optimal temperatures for different wax types. Always follow manufacturer recommendations.
🫧 Soy 464 (Container)
Melt Point113-119°F
Add Fragrance180-185°F
Pour Temp120-140°F
Max Frag Load10-12%
Cure Time10-14 days
🫧 Soy 444 (Container)
Melt Point119-125°F
Add Fragrance175-185°F
Pour Temp130-140°F
Max Frag Load10%
Cure Time10-14 days
🧪 C-3 Soy Wax
Melt Point113-119°F
Add Fragrance175-180°F
Pour Temp95-105°F
Max Frag Load12%
Cure Time10-14 days
⭐ Golden Brands 415
Melt Point121-125°F
Add Fragrance180-185°F
Pour Temp135-145°F
Max Frag Load10%
Cure Time10-14 days
⭐ Golden Brands 416
Melt Point122-126°F
Add Fragrance180-185°F
Pour Temp120-140°F
Max Frag Load9%
Cure Time14 days
⭐ Golden Brands 464
Melt Point113-119°F
Add Fragrance180-185°F
Pour Temp120-140°F
Max Frag Load10-12%
Cure Time10-14 days
🌿 EcoSoya CB-135
Melt Point120-125°F
Add Fragrance175-180°F
Pour Temp110-120°F
Max Frag Load10%
Cure Time14 days
🌿 EcoSoya CB-Advanced
Melt Point117-122°F
Add Fragrance175-180°F
Pour Temp120-135°F
Max Frag Load12%
Cure Time14 days
🕯️ EcoSoya PB (Pillar/Tart)
Melt Point140-145°F
Add Fragrance180-185°F
Pour Temp160-170°F
Max Frag Load8%
Cure Time14 days
🔬 NatureWax C-6
Melt Point113-119°F
Add Fragrance175-180°F
Pour Temp110-125°F
Max Frag Load10%
Cure Time10-14 days
🔬 NatureWax C-3
Melt Point113-119°F
Add Fragrance175-180°F
Pour Temp95-105°F
Max Frag Load12%
Cure Time14 days
🇺🇸 American Soy Organics Freedom Wax
Melt Point117-122°F
Add Fragrance175-180°F
Pour Temp120-135°F
Max Frag Load10%
Cure Time14 days
🏭 AAK Golden Wax 494
Melt Point125-129°F
Add Fragrance175-185°F
Pour Temp150-165°F
Max Frag Load10%
Cure Time14 days
🥥 Pure Coconut Wax
Melt Point100-107°F
Add Fragrance170-180°F
Pour Temp120-140°F
Max Frag Load10-12%
Cure Time14 days
🥥 Coconut 83 (Cargill C-3)
Melt Point102-106°F
Add Fragrance170-175°F
Pour Temp120-135°F
Max Frag Load10%
Cure Time14 days
🍑 Coco Apricot Creme
Melt Point113-119°F
Add Fragrance170-175°F
Pour Temp135-145°F
Max Frag Load10-12%
Cure Time14 days
✨ Ceda Serica
Melt Point104-109°F
Add Fragrance165-175°F
Pour Temp125-135°F
Max Frag Load12%
Cure Time14 days
🥥 Virgin Coconut Wax
Melt Point100-104°F
Add Fragrance165-175°F
Pour Temp120-130°F
Max Frag Load8-10%
Cure Time14 days
🥥🫧 Coconut Soy Blend
Melt Point110-120°F
Add Fragrance175-185°F
Pour Temp125-145°F
Max Frag Load10-12%
Cure Time14 days
🔀 Para-Soy Blend
Melt Point125-135°F
Add Fragrance175-185°F
Pour Temp150-160°F
Max Frag Load10%
Cure Time7-10 days
🔀 IGI 6006 (Para-Soy)
Melt Point127-131°F
Add Fragrance175-180°F
Pour Temp145-155°F
Max Frag Load10-12%
Cure Time7-10 days
🐝🥥🫧 Coco-Bees-Soy Blend
Melt Point118-125°F
Add Fragrance170-180°F
Pour Temp130-145°F
Max Frag Load8-10%
Cure Time14 days
🌱🫧 Rapeseed Soy Blend
Melt Point115-125°F
Add Fragrance175-185°F
Pour Temp130-145°F
Max Frag Load8-10%
Cure Time14 days
🐝⚪ Beeswax-Paraffin Blend
Melt Point135-145°F
Add Fragrance175-185°F
Pour Temp155-170°F
Max Frag Load6%
Cure TimeNone
⚪ IGI 4630 (Container)
Melt Point126-133°F
Add Fragrance180-185°F
Pour Temp170-180°F
Max Frag Load8-10%
Cure Time3-5 days
⚪ IGI 4625 (Container)
Melt Point124-128°F
Add Fragrance180-185°F
Pour Temp165-175°F
Max Frag Load8%
Cure Time3-5 days
⚪ IGI 4627 (Votive)
Melt Point133-138°F
Add Fragrance185-190°F
Pour Temp175-185°F
Max Frag Load6%
Cure Time3-5 days
⚪ IGI 1260 (Pillar)
Melt Point139-145°F
Add Fragrance190-195°F
Pour Temp185-195°F
Max Frag Load6%
Cure Time3-5 days
⚪ IGI 1230 (Hurricane)
Melt Point158-162°F
Add Fragrance195-200°F
Pour Temp200-210°F
Max Frag Load3%
Cure Time3-5 days
⚪ IGI 4786 (Tealight)
Melt Point131-135°F
Add Fragrance180-185°F
Pour Temp165-175°F
Max Frag Load6%
Cure Time3-5 days
⚪ IGI 4761 (Straight Paraffin)
Melt Point130-135°F
Add Fragrance180-185°F
Pour Temp170-180°F
Max Frag Load6-8%
Cure Time3-5 days
⚪ 130°F Low-Melt Paraffin
Melt Point126-130°F
Add Fragrance175-180°F
Pour Temp165-175°F
Max Frag Load6-9%
Cure Time3-5 days
⚪ 140°F Mid-Melt Paraffin
Melt Point136-142°F
Add Fragrance180-190°F
Pour Temp175-185°F
Max Frag Load6%
Cure Time3-5 days
⚪ 150°F High-Melt Paraffin
Melt Point147-153°F
Add Fragrance190-200°F
Pour Temp185-200°F
Max Frag Load5-6%
Cure Time3-5 days
🐝 Yellow Beeswax
Melt Point144-149°F
Add FragranceNot recommended
Pour Temp160-170°F
Max Frag Load3-6%
Cure TimeNone needed
🐝 White Beeswax (Filtered)
Melt Point144-149°F
Add FragranceCan accept fragrance
Pour Temp160-170°F
Max Frag Load3-6%
Cure TimeNone needed
🐝 Organic Beeswax
Melt Point144-149°F
Add FragranceNot recommended
Pour Temp160-170°F
Max Frag Load0-3%
Cure TimeNone needed
🐝 Beeswax Pastilles
Melt Point144-149°F
Add Fragrance160-165°F
Pour Temp155-165°F
Max Frag Load3-6%
Cure TimeNone needed
🌴 Palm Container Wax
Melt Point140-145°F
Add Fragrance200°F
Pour Temp190-200°F
Max Frag Load6%
Cure Time1-2 days
🌴 Palm Pillar Wax
Melt Point145-150°F
Add Fragrance200-205°F
Pour Temp200-210°F
Max Frag Load5%
Cure Time1-2 days
🌴 Palm Feather Wax
Melt Point138-144°F
Add Fragrance195-205°F
Pour Temp200-210°F (slow cool)
Max Frag Load3-5%
Cure Time1-2 days
🌱 Rapeseed Wax
Melt Point120-130°F
Add Fragrance175-185°F
Pour Temp135-145°F
Max Frag Load8-10%
Cure Time7-14 days
🌻 Sunflower Wax
Melt Point170-175°F
Add FragranceAdditive only
Pour TempAdditive only
Max Frag LoadN/A (hardener)
Cure TimeN/A
🍚 Rice Bran Wax
Melt Point170-180°F
Add FragranceAdditive only
Pour TempAdditive only
Max Frag LoadN/A (hardener)
Cure TimeN/A
🌵 Candelilla Wax
Melt Point155-162°F
Add FragranceAdditive (2-5%)
Pour TempAdditive only
Max Frag LoadN/A (hardener)
Cure TimeN/A
🌿 Carnauba Wax
Melt Point180-186°F
Add FragranceAdditive (1-3%)
Pour TempAdditive only
Max Frag LoadN/A (hardener)
Cure TimeN/A
🫒 Olive Wax
Melt Point113-122°F
Add Fragrance165-175°F
Pour Temp125-140°F
Max Frag Load8-10%
Cure Time7-14 days
🌿 Hemp Wax
Melt Point115-125°F
Add Fragrance170-180°F
Pour Temp130-145°F
Max Frag Load8-10%
Cure Time7-14 days
🍇 Japan Wax (Sumac)
Melt Point122-131°F
Add Fragrance165-175°F
Pour Temp140-155°F
Max Frag Load5-8%
Cure TimeNone
🧈 Mango Butter Wax
Melt Point86-95°F
Add FragranceAdditive (5-15%)
Pour TempAdditive only
Max Frag LoadN/A (softener)
Cure TimeN/A
🧈 Shea Butter
Melt Point89-100°F
Add FragranceAdditive (5-10%)
Pour TempAdditive only
Max Frag LoadN/A (softener)
Cure TimeN/A
🧈 Cocoa Butter
Melt Point93-100°F
Add FragranceAdditive (3-8%)
Pour TempAdditive only
Max Frag LoadN/A (softener)
Cure TimeN/A
🫐 Bayberry Wax
Melt Point118-122°F
Add FragranceNatural scent
Pour Temp130-140°F
Max Frag Load0-3%
Cure TimeNone needed
🥩 Tallow (Beef)
Melt Point95-104°F
Add Fragrance160-170°F
Pour Temp140-150°F
Max Frag Load6-8%
Cure TimeNone needed
🐷 Lard (Pork)
Melt Point86-104°F
Add Fragrance155-165°F
Pour Temp135-145°F
Max Frag Load5-8%
Cure TimeNone needed
🐋 Spermaceti (Historical)
Melt Point108-113°F
Add FragranceN/A (banned)
Pour TempN/A
Max Frag LoadN/A
Cure TimeN/A
🐑 Lanolin (Wool Wax)
Melt Point95-108°F
Add FragranceAdditive (1-5%)
Pour TempAdditive only
Max Frag LoadN/A (softener)
Cure TimeN/A
🐚 Chinese Insect Wax
Melt Point180-187°F
Add FragranceAdditive only
Pour TempAdditive only
Max Frag LoadN/A (hardener)
Cure TimeN/A
💎 Gel Wax (Low Density)
Melt Point180-185°F
Add Fragrance200-210°F
Pour Temp200-220°F
Max Frag Load3%
Cure TimeNone needed
💎 Gel Wax (Medium Density)
Melt Point185-195°F
Add Fragrance200-210°F
Pour Temp200-220°F
Max Frag Load5%
Cure TimeNone needed
💎 Gel Wax (High Density)
Melt Point195-205°F
Add Fragrance200-210°F
Pour Temp200-220°F
Max Frag Load6%
Cure TimeNone needed
🔬 Microcrystalline Wax
Melt Point160-190°F
Usage1-5% additive
PurposeIncreases opacity
Also helpsMold release
Best forParaffin blends
⚗️ Vybar 103 (Paraffin)
Melt Point160-170°F
Usage0.5-2%
PurposeBetter scent throw
Also helpsOpacity, smooth tops
Best forHigh-melt paraffin
⚗️ Vybar 260 (Container)
Melt Point155-165°F
Usage0.5-1%
PurposeBetter scent throw
Also helpsSmooth finish
Best forLow-melt paraffin
⚗️ Stearic Acid
Melt Point156-162°F
Usage3-10%
PurposeHardening agent
Also helpsOpacity, structure
Best forPillars, votives
⚗️ Petrolatum (Petroleum Jelly)
Melt Point100-120°F
Usage1-3%
PurposeMold release aid
Also helpsSoft finish
Best forPillar candles
🎨 UV Inhibitor
Melt PointN/A
Usage0.01-0.05%
PurposePrevents fading
Also helpsColor retention
Best forDyed candles
Burn Time Estimator
Estimate how long your candles will burn based on size and wax type.
In ounces (just the wax)
🕯️ Estimated Burn Time
Burn Time
0
hours
Sessions
0
~3hr burns
💡
Burn Time Rule of Thumb
Soy wax burns approximately 5-7 hours per ounce. Paraffin is faster at 4-5 hours per ounce. Actual burn time depends on wick size, fragrance load, and container shape.
Cure Timer
Track your candle cure times for optimal scent throw.
Fragrance Types Encyclopedia
Understanding fragrance oils, essential oils, and scent families for perfect candles.
🧴 Fragrance Oil vs Essential Oil
🧪 Fragrance Oils (FO)
SourceSynthetic + Natural blend
Scent ThrowExcellent (strong)
Max Load6-12% (wax dependent)
Flash PointUsually 170-200°F+
Best ForComplex scents, strong throw
🌿 Essential Oils (EO)
Source100% Natural plant extract
Scent ThrowModerate (subtle)
Max Load3-6% (lower flashpoint)
Flash PointOften lower, varies widely
Best ForNatural/clean label candles
🔀 Blended (FO + EO)
SourceFO boosted with real EO
Scent ThrowGood to Excellent
Max Load6-10%
Flash PointDepends on blend
Best ForBalanced performance + natural appeal
🌺 Scent Families
🌸 Floral
Top NotesRose, Jasmine, Lily
Heart NotesPeony, Gardenia, Violet
Base NotesTuberose, Magnolia, Iris
MoodRomantic, Feminine, Elegant
Best SeasonsSpring, Summer
🍊 Citrus
Top NotesLemon, Orange, Grapefruit
Heart NotesBergamot, Mandarin, Lime
Base NotesYuzu, Blood Orange, Tangerine
MoodEnergizing, Fresh, Uplifting
Best SeasonsSpring, Summer
🌲 Woodsy
Top NotesPine, Eucalyptus, Fir
Heart NotesCedar, Sandalwood, Birch
Base NotesOak, Teakwood, Mahogany
MoodGrounding, Masculine, Cozy
Best SeasonsFall, Winter
🌿 Herbal/Green
Top NotesBasil, Mint, Rosemary
Heart NotesSage, Thyme, Lavender
Base NotesGreen Tea, Bamboo, Moss
MoodCalming, Clean, Natural
Best SeasonsAll Year
🍂 Spicy/Warm
Top NotesCinnamon, Clove, Ginger
Heart NotesNutmeg, Cardamom, Black Pepper
Base NotesAnise, Allspice, Saffron
MoodWarm, Inviting, Festive
Best SeasonsFall, Winter, Holidays
🍰 Gourmand/Sweet
Top NotesVanilla, Caramel, Brown Sugar
Heart NotesChocolate, Coffee, Maple
Base NotesTonka Bean, Butterscotch, Honey
MoodComforting, Nostalgic, Cozy
Best SeasonsFall, Winter
🍎 Fruity
Top NotesApple, Peach, Strawberry
Heart NotesMango, Pear, Berry Blends
Base NotesCoconut, Fig, Plum
MoodPlayful, Sweet, Refreshing
Best SeasonsSummer, Fall
🌊 Fresh/Aquatic
Top NotesSea Salt, Ocean Breeze, Rain
Heart NotesCucumber, Melon, Fresh Linen
Base NotesDriftwood, Sea Moss, Ozone
MoodClean, Crisp, Relaxing
Best SeasonsSpring, Summer
🕌 Oriental/Exotic
Top NotesBergamot, Star Anise, Incense
Heart NotesAmber, Patchouli, Oud
Base NotesMusk, Frankincense, Myrrh
MoodSensual, Mysterious, Luxurious
Best SeasonsFall, Winter
🧼 Clean/Ozonic
Top NotesFresh Linen, Cotton, Clean Air
Heart NotesWhite Tea, Bamboo, Aloe
Base NotesLight Musk, Cashmere, Powder
MoodFresh, Light, Airy
Best SeasonsAll Year
📊 Popular Fragrance Oils by Category
🏆 Best Sellers (All Year)
1Vanilla Bean
2Lavender
3Clean Cotton/Fresh Linen
4Eucalyptus Mint
5Sea Salt & Orchid
🎄 Holiday Best Sellers
1Fraser Fir / Christmas Tree
2Cinnamon Vanilla
3Apple Cider
4Peppermint
5Fireside / Woodsmoke
🏠 Home Classics
1Sandalwood
2Mahogany Teakwood
3Tobacco & Leather
4Coffee House
5Amber & Musk
💡 Fragrance Oil Tips
Flash Point: Always add fragrance below its flash point (the temp where it can ignite). Most FOs have flash points of 170-200°F. Add at 180-185°F for safety.
Hot vs Cold Throw: Hot throw = scent when burning. Cold throw = scent when unlit. Some fragrances have better cold throw than hot, or vice versa. Test both!
Acceleration: Some fragrances cause wax to set up faster (accelerate). Floral and spicy scents are common culprits. Pour at higher temps if this happens.
Discoloration: Vanillin content causes yellowing over time. Use UV inhibitor or embrace the cream color. It doesn't affect scent performance.
Vessel & Container Guide
Every container type, material, and size for candle making.
🫙 Container Materials
🥛 Glass Jars
Heat SafeYes (tempered/thick)
Best WaxesAll container waxes
ProsShows wax color, elegant, reusable
ConsBreakable, wet spots visible
Price Range$0.75-$5.00 each
🥫 Tin Containers
Heat SafeYes (metal conducts heat)
Best WaxesAll container waxes
ProsDurable, travel-safe, no wet spots
ConsGets hot, can rust if wet
Price Range$0.50-$2.00 each
🏺 Ceramic/Pottery
Heat SafeYes (if glazed properly)
Best WaxesAll container waxes
ProsUnique, artisan look, reusable
ConsHeavy, expensive, variable quality
Price Range$2.00-$15.00 each
🪵 Wooden Vessels
Heat SafeRequires liner or coating
Best WaxesSoy, coconut (lower temps)
ProsRustic, unique, eco-friendly
ConsFire risk without liner, absorbs
Price Range$1.50-$8.00 each
🧱 Concrete/Cement
Heat SafeYes (naturally heat resistant)
Best WaxesAll container waxes
ProsModern, industrial, heavy/stable
ConsPorous (needs sealing), heavy to ship
Price Range$2.00-$10.00 each
🥥 Coconut Shells
Heat SafeWith proper prep
Best WaxesCoconut wax (lower temps)
ProsEco-friendly, tropical aesthetic
ConsIrregular sizes, fire risk
Price Range$1.00-$4.00 each
📏 Standard Container Sizes
🕯️ Tealights
Volume0.5 oz / 15ml
Wax Weight~0.4 oz
Burn Time3-5 hours
Wick SizeTealight wick (small)
Best ForSamplers, warmers, ambiance
🕯️ Votives
Volume1.5-2 oz / 45-60ml
Wax Weight~1.3-1.8 oz
Burn Time10-15 hours
Wick SizeSmall-Medium
Best ForVotive holders, gifts
🕯️ 4 oz Tins/Jars
Volume4 oz / 120ml
Wax Weight~3.5 oz
Burn Time20-25 hours
Wick SizeSmall-Medium
Best ForTravel, trial sizes, gifts
🕯️ 8 oz Jars (Popular)
Volume8 oz / 240ml
Wax Weight~6.5-7 oz
Burn Time40-50 hours
Wick SizeMedium
Best ForBest-selling size, retail
🕯️ 10 oz Tumblers
Volume10 oz / 300ml
Wax Weight~8-8.5 oz
Burn Time50-60 hours
Wick SizeMedium-Large
Best ForPremium retail, gifts
🕯️ 12 oz Jars
Volume12 oz / 360ml
Wax Weight~10-10.5 oz
Burn Time60-70 hours
Wick SizeMedium-Large
Best ForLiving rooms, retail
🕯️ 16 oz Statement
Volume16 oz / 480ml
Wax Weight~13-14 oz
Burn Time80-100 hours
Wick SizeLarge or Double
Best ForLarge rooms, luxury line
🕯️ 3-Wick (Large)
Volume14-26 oz
Wax Weight~12-22 oz
Burn Time40-60 hours
Wick Size3x Small-Medium
Best ForMax scent throw, large spaces
🏛️ Specialty Vessel Types
🏺 Apothecary Jars
StyleVintage, Pharmacy-inspired
Common Sizes8oz, 12oz, 16oz
Lid TypeGlass dome or cork
AestheticElegant, traditional
Price PointPremium ($2-6)
🍯 Mason Jars
StyleFarmhouse, Rustic
Common Sizes4oz, 8oz, 16oz
Lid TypeMetal screw lid
AestheticCountry, handmade
Price PointBudget ($0.75-2)
🥃 Tumbler/Rocks Glass
StyleModern, Minimalist
Common Sizes8oz, 10oz, 12oz
Lid TypeFlat lid or none
AestheticSophisticated, bar-style
Price PointMid ($1.50-4)
⬛ Matte Black Vessels
StyleModern, Luxury, Masculine
Common Sizes8oz, 10oz, 12oz
Lid TypeMatching matte or wood
AestheticDramatic, Instagram-worthy
Price PointPremium ($2-5)
🫖 Teacups/Vintage
StyleUpcycled, Shabby Chic
Common Sizes4-8oz (varies)
Lid TypeNone (saucer as lid)
AestheticRomantic, unique
Price PointVariable (thrifted)
🥄 Dough Bowls
StyleFarmhouse, Statement
Common Sizes20-60oz
Wicks Needed3-6 wicks
AestheticRustic centerpiece
Price PointPremium ($8-25)
🔥 Vessel Safety Checklist
✅ Heat-safe material — glass must be thick/tempered
✅ Non-combustible — no plastic, thin wood, or paper
✅ Stable base — won't tip easily
✅ Wide enough mouth — proper melt pool formation
✅ Proper wick clearance — flame should be below rim
✅ No cracks or chips — inspect before each use
Complete Candle Making Guide
Your step-by-step walkthrough from setup to finished candle.
1
🧹 Prepare Your Workspace
Before you begin, set up a clean, organized workspace:
Cover surfaces with newspaper or silicone mats for easy cleanup
Ensure good ventilation — open windows or use a fan
Have paper towels ready for spills
Keep a fire extinguisher accessible (just in case)
Remove pets and children from the area
Gather ALL supplies before starting — you can't leave melting wax unattended
2
📦 Prepare Your Containers
Clean containers mean better candles:
Wash containers with soap and water, dry completely
Wipe with rubbing alcohol to remove any residue or oils
Adhere wick to bottom center using wick sticker or hot glue dot
Use wick centering tool or pencils to keep wick straight
Pre-warm containers in a 100°F oven to reduce wet spots (optional but helpful)
Line up containers on a flat, level surface before pouring
3
⚖️ Measure Your Ingredients
Precision is everything in candle making:
Wax: Weigh in ounces or grams — never measure by volume
Fragrance: Calculate based on wax weight (e.g., 10% of 8oz = 0.8oz fragrance)
Dye: Start with less than you think — you can always add more
Example: For twelve 8oz candles: 96oz total volume × 0.86 density = ~83oz wax needed
Always measure fragrance by weight, not drops or volume
Record everything in a notebook for consistency
4
🔥 Melt Your Wax
Safe melting is crucial:
Use a double boiler — never heat wax directly on flame (fire hazard!)
Fill bottom pot with 2-3" of water, place pouring pitcher inside
Heat on medium — wax should melt slowly, not rapidly
Stir occasionally with a dedicated spoon or spatula
Monitor temperature with thermometer — most waxes melt at 120-180°F
Never leave melting wax unattended — it can flash at high temps
Heat to 170-185°F for adding fragrance (check your specific wax)
5
🎨 Add Color (Optional)
If using dye, add it to hot wax:
Add dye when wax is fully melted and at 170-185°F
Liquid dye: Start with 2-3 drops per pound, stir well
Dye chips: Start with 1/4 chip per pound
Dye blocks: Shave small amounts, add gradually
Stir for 2 full minutes to ensure even distribution
Test on a paper plate — let it cool to see true color (hot wax looks darker)
Remember: The candle will look lighter when solid than when liquid
6
🌸 Add Fragrance Oil
This is where the magic happens:
Remove wax from heat before adding fragrance (prevents burning off scent)
Let wax cool to 180-185°F (or as recommended for your wax)
Pour in pre-measured fragrance oil
Stir continuously for 2 full minutes — this is critical for binding!
Stirring distributes fragrance molecules throughout the wax
Don't add fragrance above its flash point (check supplier specs)
If wax starts to thicken, gently reheat to pouring temperature
7
🫗 Pour Your Candles
The pour determines your candle's appearance:
Let wax cool to proper pour temperature (varies by wax type — see temp guide)
Pour slowly and steadily into center of container
Leave 1/2" headspace from the rim
Save 10-20% of wax for a second pour (to fill sinkholes)
Don't move containers after pouring — vibration causes imperfections
Pour at room temperature (not cold or drafty) for best results
If wax is too hot, you'll get more shrinkage and sinkholes
8
❄️ Cooling Phase
Patience makes perfect candles:
Let candles cool at room temperature — never refrigerate or freeze!
Fast cooling causes cracking, wet spots, and poor adhesion
Don't touch or move for at least 4-6 hours
Sinkholes will form around the wick — this is normal
Cover candles with foil or cardboard if area is dusty
Full cooling takes 24 hours for larger candles
9
🔄 Second Pour (If Needed)
Fix sinkholes and get a smooth top:
Poke 2-3 relief holes around the wick with a chopstick (releases air pockets)
Reheat reserved wax to 5-10°F hotter than first pour
Pour thin layer over the top to fill sinkholes
Don't overfill — stay below original pour line
Alternative: Use heat gun to melt and smooth the top
Let cool completely again before handling
10
✂️ Trim Wick & Finish
Final touches for a professional candle:
Trim wick to 1/4" (6mm) above wax surface
Use wick trimmers for a clean, straight cut
Remove any debris or wick trimmings from wax surface
Wipe container exterior with rubbing alcohol
Add warning label to bottom (required for selling)
Apply your custom label or branding
Lid the candle to preserve scent until use
11
📅 Cure Your Candles
The waiting game — but it's worth it!
Soy wax: 10-14 days minimum
Coconut wax: 14 days
Para-soy: 7-10 days
Paraffin: 3-5 days (or burn immediately)
Beeswax: No cure needed
Store in a cool, dark place during cure
Keep lids on to preserve fragrance
Hot throw improves dramatically after proper curing!
12
🔥 Test Burn
Always test before selling or gifting:
Burn for 1 hour per inch of diameter (8oz jar = ~3 hours)
Check that melt pool reaches edges within 2-3 hours
Watch for: tunneling, mushrooming, smoking, or flickering
Measure flame height — should be 1" or less, steady
Assess hot throw — can you smell it across the room?
If issues arise, adjust wick size and retest
Document results for consistent production
🎯 Pro Tips for Success
• Take detailed notes — temps, times, amounts, results. You'll thank yourself later.
• Test in small batches before making a full production run.
• Same conditions — temperature, humidity, and process affect results.
• Quality supplies matter — cheap wicks and fragrances = inconsistent candles.
• Join candle communities — Facebook groups and forums are gold mines of info.
The Science of Candles
Understanding the chemistry and physics behind candle making.
🔥 How Candles Work: The Combustion Process
A burning candle is a beautiful example of chemistry and physics working together:
1. Capillary Action
The wick acts like a tiny straw. Through capillary action, liquid wax is drawn upward through the braided cotton fibers. The small spaces between fibers create surface tension that pulls the liquid wax against gravity. This is the same principle that allows paper towels to absorb water.
2. Vaporization
When you light the wick, the heat melts the solid wax into liquid. As liquid wax travels up the wick into the flame, it gets so hot (~390°F/200°C) that it vaporizes — turning from liquid into gas. It's not the wick that burns — it's the wax vapor!
3. Combustion Reaction
The vaporized wax (hydrocarbons) mixes with oxygen in the air and undergoes combustion:
This exothermic reaction releases energy as heat and light. The heat melts more wax, which travels up the wick, continuing the cycle.
4. The Flame Zones
A candle flame has distinct regions:
Blue zone (base): Hottest area (~2,550°F), complete combustion with lots of oxygen
Dark zone (middle): Little oxygen, wax vapor hasn't ignited yet
Yellow zone (outer): Incomplete combustion creates glowing soot particles (incandescence)
Veil (very outer): Invisible combustion zone where oxygen meets fuel
🧊 Why Curing Takes So Long: The Science of Scent Binding
This is one of the most asked questions in candle making — and the answer involves molecular chemistry:
What's Actually Happening During Cure?
When you pour hot wax with fragrance oil, the fragrance molecules are dispersed throughout the liquid wax, but they're not truly bound to it. Think of it like oil droplets floating in water — mixed but not unified.
The Crystallization Process
As wax cools and solidifies, it forms a crystalline structure — the wax molecules organize into a lattice pattern. This crystallization continues for days after the candle appears solid. During this time:
Fragrance molecules get trapped within the crystal matrix
Polymorphic transitions occur — the crystal structure reorganizes into more stable forms
Fragrance binds to the wax at a molecular level through Van der Waals forces
Excess moisture evaporates from the wax
Why Soy Takes Longer Than Paraffin
Different waxes have different molecular structures:
Paraffin is made of simple, straight-chain hydrocarbons that crystallize quickly into stable forms. Cure time: 3-5 days.
Soy wax contains triglycerides (vegetable fats) with more complex, branched molecules. These take longer to organize into stable crystal structures. The polymorphic transitions continue for 10-14 days.
Coconut wax has even more complex fatty acid chains, requiring 14+ days.
The Hot Throw Connection
An uncured candle may have great cold throw (scent when unlit) because fragrance molecules sit on the surface. But hot throw (scent when burning) requires those molecules to be released as the wax melts and burns.
When fragrance is properly bound within the crystal structure, it's released gradually and consistently as each layer melts. Uncured candles often have weak, uneven hot throw because the fragrance isn't properly integrated.
Wet spots (those patches where wax pulls away from the glass) are caused by differential cooling and adhesion:
The Physics
Wax and glass have different thermal expansion coefficients — they expand and contract at different rates as temperature changes. When wax cools:
Wax shrinks as it solidifies (about 10% volume reduction)
Glass stays the same size
This creates tension at the wax-glass interface
In some areas, the wax releases from the glass, creating air pockets (wet spots)
Minimizing Wet Spots
Pre-heat containers to 100-120°F before pouring
Pour at lower temperatures (reduces shrinkage differential)
Cool slowly at room temperature (no drafts or cold surfaces)
Use proper wax formulated for container adhesion
Note: Wet spots are purely cosmetic — they don't affect burn quality or scent throw.
🕯️ The Melt Pool: Science of Proper Burning
The melt pool — the liquid wax around a burning wick — is crucial for candle performance:
Why Edge-to-Edge Matters
On the first burn, you're setting the candle's "memory." Wax has a property called thermal memory:
If the melt pool doesn't reach the edges, a "tunnel" forms
On subsequent burns, wax melts in this established pattern
The tunnel gets deeper, wasting wax around the edges
Eventually the wick drowns in melted wax or loses oxygen
Melt Pool Depth
Ideal melt pool depth is 1/4" to 1/2". This depth allows:
Sufficient wax to feed the wick
Proper fragrance release from the melted layer
Even burn without drowning the wick
Wick Sizing Science
The wick must create enough heat to melt the appropriate amount of wax:
Too small: Not enough heat, tunnel forms, weak scent
Too large: Too much heat, smoking, mushrooming, soot, fire hazard
Just right: Edge-to-edge melt pool in 2-4 hours, 1" flame, no smoke
👃 The Science of Scent Throw
Cold Throw vs Hot Throw
Cold throw is the scent released through evaporation at room temperature. Hot throw is scent released when the wax melts and burns.
Evaporation and Volatility
Fragrance oils contain hundreds of aromatic compounds with different volatilities:
Top notes (citrus, herbs): Highly volatile, evaporate first, noticed immediately
Middle notes (floral, spice): Medium volatility, develop over time
Base notes (musk, wood): Low volatility, linger longest
Why Fragrance Load Matters
Each wax can only hold so much fragrance before it becomes supersaturated:
Excess fragrance won't bind to the wax
It pools on the surface or seeps out
Can cause smoking, poor burn, or fire hazards
Follow manufacturer's maximum (usually 6-12%)
🔬 Fun Candle Science Facts
• A candle flame produces about 80 watts of heat — similar to a small light bulb
• The blue part of a flame is about 2,550°F (1,400°C)
• A single candle produces about 13 lumens of light
• Candles have been used for over 5,000 years, first made from whale fat and beeswax
• The word "candle" comes from the Latin "candere" meaning "to shine"
• A candle will extinguish in zero gravity because hot air doesn't rise without gravity to create convection
📖
Candle Making Guide
▼
Getting Started
Candle making is both an art and a science. The key to consistent, beautiful candles is measuring precisely and testing thoroughly. Start small, take notes, and don't be afraid to experiment!
Essential Equipment
Double boiler or dedicated wax melter — never heat wax directly on flame
Digital scale — accuracy to 0.1 oz or 1g is ideal
Thermometer — candy thermometer or infrared gun
Pouring pitcher — stainless steel with spout
Wick centering tool — or chopsticks/pencils
Heat gun — for smoothing tops and fixing imperfections
Wick trimmer — keeps wicks at proper 1/4" length
Containers — heat-safe glass, tin, or ceramic
Nice to Have
Wick stickers — double-sided adhesive for centering
Fragrance organizer — keep oils labeled and sorted
Silicone mats — easy cleanup for spills
Warning labels — required for selling
Dedicated workspace — good ventilation is key
Basic Candle Making Process
1. Prep containers — clean, dry, wick centered and secured
2. Measure wax — by weight, not volume
3. Melt wax — heat to 170-185°F depending on type
4. Add fragrance — stir gently for 2 full minutes
5. Add dye — if using, stir until fully incorporated
6. Cool to pour temp — usually 130-160°F depending on wax
7. Pour — steady stream, avoid air bubbles
8. First cure — let set 24 hours before touching
9. Top off — fix any sinkholes with second pour
10. Full cure — wait recommended time before burning
The Golden Rules
Always weigh, never measure by volume
Never leave melting wax unattended
Test every new combination before selling
Keep detailed notes on every batch
Cure time is not optional — patience pays off
Soy Wax
The most popular choice for container candles. Made from soybean oil.
Pros: Clean burn, renewable, great scent throw, easy cleanup
Cons: Prone to frosting, wet spots, longer cure time
Best for: Container candles, beginners
Popular types: 464 (smooth top), 444 (single pour)
Fragrance load: 6-12%
Cure time: 10-14 days
Coconut Wax
Premium wax with excellent scent throw. Blended from coconut oil.
Pros: Creamy appearance, amazing hot throw, clean burn
Cons: Expensive, very soft, requires additives
Best for: Luxury candles, container candles
Fragrance load: 10-12%
Cure time: 14 days
Coconut-Soy Blends
Best of both worlds. Popular choice for small businesses.
Pros: Great throw, smooth tops, easier than pure coconut
Cons: More expensive than straight soy
Best for: Premium container candles
Popular ratios: 83/17, 70/30 coco/soy
Paraffin Wax
The original candle wax. Petroleum-based with excellent performance.
Accept that soy will always have some — it's natural!
Frosting
White crystalline coating on soy candles. Natural and harmless.
It's a sign of natural soy — embrace it or market it!
Higher fragrance loads can reduce frosting
Additives like vybar can help (but aren't natural)
Heat gun can temporarily smooth it away
Sinkholes
Cavities forming as wax cools — especially around the wick.
Poke relief holes around wick while wax is still warm
Do a second pour to fill any cavities
Don't pour too hot — causes more shrinkage
Pour in warm room, cool slowly
Tunneling
Wick burns down leaving wax on sides — wasted wax!
Wick is too small — size up
First burn is crucial: must reach edges (1 hr per inch diameter)
Let full melt pool form every burn
Multiple wicks may be needed for large diameters
Sooting / Black Smoke
Black smoke or residue on glass and ceiling.
Wick too large — size down
Trim wick to 1/4" before EVERY burn
Check for drafts — fans, vents, open windows
Too much fragrance oil can cause smoking
Low-quality fragrance oils are more likely to soot
Mushrooming
Carbon buildup on wick tip forming a mushroom shape.
Normal in some amounts — just trim before next burn
Excessive mushrooming means wick is too large
Try a different wick series (CD, ECO, etc.)
Poor Scent Throw
Can't smell the candle when burning.
Wait for full cure time — this is #1 cause!
Increase fragrance load (within wax limits)
Add fragrance at correct temperature
Stir fragrance for full 2 minutes
Try a different wax — some throw better than others
Some fragrances just don't throw well — test before committing
Wick might be too small — larger melt pool = better throw
Fragrance Seeping/Sweating
Oily beads or pools on candle surface.
Too much fragrance oil — reduce load
Fragrance and wax incompatibility — try different combo
Added fragrance at wrong temperature
Didn't stir long enough for proper binding
Rough/Bumpy Tops
Uneven, cratered surface after cooling.
Pour temperature too low — wax setting before leveling
Pour in one steady stream
Heat gun to smooth after setting
Second pour for perfectly smooth top
Wick Won't Stay Centered
Use wick stickers or hot glue to secure bottom
Use wick centering tool or pencils across top
Don't move candle while cooling
Pour in two stages — first pour to anchor wick
Fire Safety
Never leave melting wax unattended — wax can ignite if overheated
Use a double boiler — never direct heat on wax
Keep water away — water in hot wax causes violent splattering
Have fire extinguisher nearby — Class B for flammable liquids
Know your flash points — temperature at which fumes can ignite
Never heat above 200°F unless specifically required
Flash Points
The temperature at which fragrance oil vapor can ignite. Always add fragrance below its flash point!
Most fragrance oils: 170-200°F flash point
Check MSDS/SDS for each fragrance
Add fragrance 5-10°F below flash point to be safe
Never add fragrance to wax above 200°F
Ventilation
Work in well-ventilated area — fragrance fumes can be strong
Open windows or use exhaust fan
Take breaks if you feel lightheaded
Consider a respirator for long production sessions
Skin & Eye Protection
Hot wax causes serious burns — wear long sleeves
Keep cold water nearby for accidental splashes
Fragrance oils can irritate skin — wear gloves if sensitive
Safety glasses recommended when pouring
Candle Safety Labels
Required for selling candles! Must include:
Burn within sight
Keep away from flammable materials
Keep away from children and pets
Trim wick to 1/4" before each burn
Burn on heat-resistant surface
Don't burn for more than 4 hours
Stop use when 1/2" wax remains
Testing Before Selling
Full burn test: Burn entire candle, note any issues
Check melt pool: Should reach edges in 2-4 hours
Monitor flame height: Should be 1" or less
Watch for soot: Excessive soot = wick too large
Check glass temp: Should be warm but not too hot to touch
Document everything: Keep test records for each product
Insurance
If selling candles, consider product liability insurance. Candles are a fire hazard and you want protection if something goes wrong with a customer's candle.
Pricing Strategy
Know your costs: Every material, every minute of labor
Target 50-60% margin minimum for sustainability
Research competitors: Where do you fit in the market?
Don't race to the bottom: Cheap candles = cheap perception
Factor in your time: Your labor has value!
Plan for wholesale: If you want to wholesale, retail needs 2.5x markup
Pricing Guidelines by Size
4 oz candles: $12-18 retail
8 oz candles: $18-28 retail
12-16 oz candles: $28-40 retail
Premium/luxury: Add 25-50% more
Where to Sell
Etsy: Great for handmade, built-in audience, fees ~12%
Shopify: Your own website, more control, monthly fee
Local markets: Farmers markets, craft fairs, pop-ups