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Coins & Currency Guide

Numismatics—the study and collection of coins—is one of the oldest collecting hobbies. From silver dollars to rare pennies, profits await those who know what to look for.

Market Segments
Segment Description Price Range
Bullion Value = metal content (gold, silver) Spot price + premium
Numismatic Collector value beyond metal $1-$10,000,000+
Key Dates Rare years/mintmarks 10x-1000x+ common dates
Paper Currency Rare notes, star notes, errors $2-$100,000+
Ancient Coins Roman, Greek, medieval $20-$500,000+
Coin Grading (Sheldon Scale)
Grade Description Value Impact
MS-70 Perfect Uncirculated Massive premium
MS-65 to MS-69 Gem Uncirculated Strong premium
MS-60 to MS-64 Uncirculated (bag marks ok) Above average
AU-50 to AU-58 About Uncirculated Light wear, nice coins
EF/XF-40 to EF-45 Extremely Fine Light wear, details sharp
VF-20 to VF-35 Very Fine Moderate wear
F-12 to F-15 Fine Even wear, all lettering visible
VG-8 to VG-10 Very Good Heavy wear
G-4 to G-6 Good Major wear, outline visible
AG-3, FR-2, PO-1 About Good, Fair, Poor Heavily worn, barely identifiable
Key Date Coins to Know

Lincoln Cents

  • 1909-S VDB: $800-$2,000+ (first year, low mintage)
  • 1914-D: $250-$5,000+ (key date)
  • 1922 No D: $500-$30,000+ (missing mintmark error)
  • 1943 Copper: $100,000+ (error, most are fake)
  • 1955 Doubled Die: $1,000-$25,000+

Morgan & Peace Dollars

  • 1893-S Morgan: $5,000-$500,000+ (key date)
  • 1895 Morgan (Proof only): $30,000-$100,000+
  • 1921 Peace (High Relief): $100-$5,000+
  • CC Mintmarks: Carson City = premium

Other Key Coins

  • 1916-D Mercury Dime: $1,000-$50,000+
  • 1932-D/S Washington Quarters: $100-$5,000+
  • 1938-D Walking Liberty Half: $50-$500+
  • Pre-1965 Silver: 90% silver, worth melt value minimum
Silver & Gold Basics

Junk Silver (90% Silver)

  • Dimes (pre-1965): ~0.0715 oz silver each
  • Quarters (pre-1965): ~0.1808 oz silver each
  • Half dollars (1964 & earlier): ~0.3617 oz silver each
  • $1 face value = ~0.715 oz silver

Silver Dollars

  • Morgan (1878-1921): 0.7734 oz silver
  • Peace (1921-1935): 0.7734 oz silver
  • Common dates: Melt value + small premium

Gold Coins

  • $20 Liberty/Saint-Gaudens: 0.9675 oz gold
  • $10 Liberty/Indian: 0.4838 oz gold
  • $5 Liberty/Indian: 0.2419 oz gold
  • American Gold Eagle: 1 oz, .5 oz, .25 oz, .1 oz

💡 Spot Price Rule: Always know current spot prices. Silver ~$25/oz, Gold ~$2,000/oz (check daily). Bullion should trade at spot + reasonable premium (5-15%).

Grading Services
  • PCGS: Professional Coin Grading Service - gold standard
  • NGC: Numismatic Guaranty Corporation - equally respected
  • ANACS: Third tier, still legitimate
  • ICG: Fourth tier, lower premium

Rule: PCGS and NGC slabs command highest premiums. Avoid other grading companies for valuable coins.

Where to Source
  • Estate sales: Often below market, check carefully
  • Coin shows: Best for networking, bulk deals
  • Garage sales: Rare finds in old collections
  • Bank rolls: CRH (Coin Roll Hunting) - buy rolls, search for silver
  • Online dealers: APMEX, JM Bullion, SD Bullion
  • eBay: Wide selection, use Top Rated Sellers
  • r/Coins4Sale: Reddit marketplace
  • Local coin shops (LCS): Build relationships
Where to Sell
Platform Fees Best For
eBay ~13% Individual coins, raw & slabbed
Heritage Auctions 10-20% High-end rarities
GreatCollections 0% seller Slabbed coins
Local Coin Shops Buy 80-90% of value Quick cash, bulk
Coin Shows Table fee Volume, networking
r/Pmsforsale 0% Bullion, collector audience
Counterfeits & Fakes
  • Weight test: Real coins have exact weight
  • Magnet test: Silver/gold not magnetic
  • Ping test: Real silver has distinctive ring
  • Details: Fakes often have mushy details
  • Edge: Check reeding consistency
  • Buy slabbed: PCGS/NGC guarantee authenticity

⚠️ Chinese Fakes: High-quality counterfeits exist for almost every valuable US coin. For raw coins over $100, strongly consider getting them graded. Never buy "too good" deals.